Organizational Behavior for Journal of Managerial Psychology

Question: Examine about theOrganizational Behavior for Journal of Managerial Psychology. Answer: Presentation Hierarchical conduct is the investigation of the conduct of people in an authoritative setting. Compelling authoritative conduct the board is basic for the achievement and development of any business (Griffin Moorhead, 2011). A people conduct in these authoritative settings is to a great extent affected by different variables including working environment condition, timings, nature of work and hierarchical arrangements. Authoritative conduct incorporates the investigation of hierarchical representatives culture, religion, social qualities, morals and financial foundations. This report illuminates hierarchical conduct speculations, rehearses and their criticalness in the association. The report likewise reflects upon different advances that must be taken to improve workforce decent variety just as late changes that the hierarchical conduct rehearses are seeing. Paper subject It is smarter to depend on generalizations than to go into a relationship with somebody from another culture with no thought of what they put stock in. The expanding working environment decent variety is an aftereffect of globalization (Hamilton, 2015). Individuals from various pieces of the globe meet up and progress in the direction of comparable objectives. This outcomes in building different long haul connections that to a great extent sway associations just as people related with the association. Individuals originating from various religions, topographies and social or monetary foundations have various generalizations related with them. Generalizations can be founded on religion, age, station or geology (Bertolino, 2013) These generalizations might possibly relate with everybody except it is essential to take note of that there is a motivation behind why these generalizations exist. While teaming up with various individuals it is frequently more shrewd to know about the generalizations that are related with the individuals as this helps the associations in getting ready for what's to come. For instance, Employees from France a re related with being unpunctual. Consequently, while recruiting a French representative, the chief can guarantee to keep a specific measure of edge while giving them work cutoff times. On the off chance that the worker, adheres to the cutoff time and finishes the work on schedule, the there is no downside. In any case, on the off chance that the representative is late as portrayed by the generalization, at that point too the association has enough time as edge for the necessary work. Authoritative conduct speculations There are different speculations that are related with authoritative conduct. The hypothesis in conversation for this report is that of indistinguishable manager worker conduct. This hypothesis recommends that the association must force comparable approaches, objectives, conduct rules and moral codes for the business just as all the representatives. Ramifications of this hypothesis spurs representatives to try sincerely and fabricates a situation of dignity inside the association. This is explicitly helpful when the association is various and has individuals from various foundations cooperating. According to the paper question over, this hypothesis proposes that all the workers must be dealt with similarly instead of making a predisposition by virtue of the generalizations related with them. One key factors that influence worker development in any business is Motivation (Stein Cropanzano, 2011). There are different inspirational speculations that must be utilized in the association s o as to persuade representatives to buckle down. Maslows need pecking order hypothesis makes a five degrees of requirements for each person. When the physical and social needs of workers are satisfied, associations must concentration after satisfying regard needs of representatives so as to keep them propelled (Anderson, 2014). In a various situation, each individual would have an alternate wellspring of regard. For instance, as indicated by the generalizations, an American workers regard need are satisfied by giving them extra force, a Chinese representatives regard needs are satisfied by giving them extra obligations then again, an Indian or African workers regard needs are satisfied by offering them extra compensation. In this way, these generalizations help associations in understanding representative needs. Note that generalizations assume a job just in the start of any relationship. When the correspondence between the two gatherings creates, generalizations are broken and choices are made dependent on encounters. Authoritative issues structure a piece of each driving association that exists today. As associations are getting increasingly differentiated, association is starting to confront remarkable moves that should be tended to. These issues are looked at administrative level, worker level just as authoritative level (Laura, 2012). Coming up next are a portion of the main issues looked by associations during the time spent structure associations with various individuals: Correspondence issues: The most significant issue that exists in building a various association wherein individuals from various foundations cooperate is the correspondence issue looked by representatives everywhere (Patrick Kumar, 2012). Each individual has their own one of a kind nearby language and authority language that the individual best conveys in. In the event of a differing association, there are different language boundaries. So as to address the equivalent, all associations build up their official language. All the associations must give preparing to their outside workers to gain proficiency with the official language of the association just as the nearby language of the nation. Social issues: Every individual originates from an alternate social foundation. Chinese associations have a functioning and dynamic hierarchical culture where individuals are regularly shouting at one another. Then again, Japan has a quiet culture and shouting at anybody is viewed as impolite and self-important. As per the principles of their religion, Muslims need to supplicate multiple times in a day. In this manner association with Muslim representatives need to permit them required time during the day to ask. Hindus then again are limited by religion to eat non-veggie lover food. Thus associations with Hindu representatives must maintain a strategic distance from or confine non-veggie lover dinners in the basic wash room region. Along these lines so as to address this issue, preparing about various culture must be given (Sartorius, 2011). Social issues may make a specific sort of inclination on the premise on strict practices, customs and language inside the association. Social Issues: There are different issues that are made by society. These accepted practices of representatives should be comprehended and regarded while utilizing a various workforce (Hyde et. al., 2013). For instance, Muslim ladies are relied upon to cover their heads consistently while different social orders think that its typical for ladies to wear skirts or jeans. Certain social orders confine ladies from working around evening time while a few ladies like to work late in the night. All these are plain generalizations however they should be seen well ahead of time by associations before recruiting workers from various foundations. Negative marks of generalizing Generalizing of a person in not off-base in certainty it to a great extent helps associations in being set up for what they may experience. At a similar purpose of time, it is critical to take note of that few out of every odd individual may completely cling to the generalization related with them. Generalizing representatives may prompt a negative work culture, judgment among representatives towards one another, incomplete or out of line treatment and diminished profitability inside the association. In this manner it is suggested that hierarchical chiefs must receive the positive side of generalizing. Different associations are basic for the achievement and development of a business in the present situation. Negative parts of applying generalizations are additionally alluded to as quiet destroyers of the association. Henceforth, administrators must utilize their tact and remembering the profitability of association, they should embrace to the positive parts of generalizations and oversee workforce in the way that relinquishes the negative effects of generalizing. Ongoing improvements in hierarchical conduct Authoritative conduct speculations have seen a great deal of changes since their beginning. Customary speculations have been altered and formed to suit the present work environment condition and changing authoritative needs. Different changes in authoritative practices are as underneath: Various associations Globalization on the planet has permitted individuals from various pieces of the world to cooperate in a solitary association. This has prompted the making of assorted workforce. Assorted associations improve authoritative execution as individuals originating from various skills are amalgamated to cooperate (Lynn et. al., 2013). Expanding job of ladies Ladies have begun assuming a significant job in authoritative setting. Today ladies are venturing outside their customary ranges of familiarity as well as exceeding expectations in their particular fields and achieving influential positions in numerous authoritative settings (Safa, 2018). Generally, most associations were male prevailing. Improving innovation Coming of innovation has additionally permitted organizations to develop and has generally sorted out different authoritative practices and strategies. Worker execution assessment and client relationship is currently being completely overseen by innovation and this has prompted expanded effectiveness of the business. Directors are advisors Associations have been taking different endeavors in building long haul associations with their representatives. Prior workers were essentially manikins in the possession of the board. Today, they have a solid state and profound dynamic power. Administrators sort out guiding meetings in their workplaces and attempt to comprehend their representatives better. Representative objectives are very much lined up with hierarchical objectives to urge workers to perform better. To Conclude, Stereotyping is in effect to a great extent embraced by different associations inferable from an increasi

Romanticism - Washington Irving Essays - The Legend Of Sleepy Hollow

Sentimentalism - Washington Irving Sentimentalism is an abstract and aesthetic development of the eighteenth and nineteenth hundreds of years that put an incentive on feeling or creative mind over explanation, on the creative mind over society. A few sources state Romanticism began in response to neo-style, or the Enlightenment. The most significant aftereffect of sentimentalism was the accentuation laid upon the heavenly. A few scholars during this timespan were Mary Shelley with Frankenstein, Edgar Allen Poe with different sonnets and determinations, for example, The Raven, The TellTale Heart, and The Pit and The Pendulum. One individual who greatly affected the Romantic period was Washington Irving. Some called Irving the principal genuine American essayist. Washington Irving was conceived April 3, 1783, in New York City. He was the eleventh offspring of Sarah William Irving. His dad was a severe man, a shipper and minister in the Presbyterian Church. He began school at four years old, yet he never paid attention to it. In any event, when he was more seasoned, he didn't generally think about school. He didn't dazzle any of his instructors as exceptional. It was out of school where his genuine advantages created. His inclinations were more into perusing books of experience and travel. He was truly adept at composing, however. He cherished the theater. His interest with human expressions developed and was energized by one of her sister's beaus (Myers 64). His inclinations in expressions of the human experience and in the venue were evident in his works. Irving didn't wish to set off for college. In spite of the fact that he had extraordinary interests in the theater and expressions of the human experience, his dad anticipated that every one of his children should bolster himself, so Washington chose to be an understudy in a law office. His boss was Ogden Hoffman and Irving became hopelessly enamored with his girl. He likewise composed articles for his sibling's paper, the Morning Chronicle. He marked his articles Jonathon Oldstyle. Later he joined his sibling William and his companion Jim Paulding in making a funny magazine called Salmagundi. In 1809, he distributed Dreidrich Knickerbocker's History of New York. He later went to Europe in 1815. Numerous individuals were on edge to meet him. From 1815-1832, he lived in England, Dresden, Paris, and Spain. In 1819, he distributed The Sketchbook of Geoffrey Crayon, which the vast majority see as his most prominent work. This book was an assortment of expositions and stories. Among the accounts it included Tear Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. Both these accounts depended on German legends. He is profoundly acclaimed for these two kids' accounts. Irving composed numerous great choices. In spite of this reality, some state Irving could be viewed as a lesser man than his antecedents. As indicated by Encyclopedia Britannica, He did not have the strict force of Mather, the flexibility of Franklin, the diplomacy of Jefferson, or the commitment of Paine. However he outlasts them all throughout the entire existence of American letters(649). Others consider him to be the principal genuine American artist. Everybody considered him to be such an extraordinary writer in view of The SketchBook. Everybody was perusing it in that time. It was extremely popular. This book set up Irving as a skilled author , one whose rich great taste appeared to come instinctually. While he was making Dreidrich Knickerbocker's History of New York, he was hindered by the abrupt passing of Matilda Hoffman, Ogden Hoffman's little girl. It caused him much melancholy, however sooner or later, he figured out how to live with it. For certain years after the accomplishment of his book, his life appeared to him pretty much random. During these years he went to assortment of interests. He prepared an American release of Thomas Campbell's sonnets, altered the Analectic Magazine and gained a colonelship during the war of 1812.

When Does Drug Use Become an Addiction

When Does Drug Use Become an Addiction Addiction Drug Use Print When Does Drug Use Become an Addiction? By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 03, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on May 28, 2019 Stockbyte / Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Drug addiction is a complex and chronic brain disease. People who have a drug addiction experience compulsive, sometimes uncontrollable, craving for their drug of choice. Typically, they will continue to seek and use drugs in spite of experiencing extremely negative consequences as a result of using. Characteristics of Addiction According to the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), addiction is characterized by:?? Inability to consistently abstain from the substance or rewarding experience (as in gambling, sex, or overeating)Impairment in behavioral controlCraving for the substance or rewarding experienceDiminished recognition of significant problems with your behavior and interpersonal relationshipsA dysfunctional emotional response Although the above five characteristics are usually present in most cases of addiction, ASAM noted that these five features cannot be used to diagnose addiction. Diagnosing addiction requires an assessment by a trained and certified professional. Talk to a doctor or mental health professional if you feel that you may have an addiction or substance abuse problem. The Alarming Signs and Symptoms of Addiction to Watch For Behavioral Manifestations of Addiction When friends and family members are dealing with a loved one who is addicted, it is usually the outward behaviors of the person that are the obvious symptoms of addiction. Those behaviors are primarily centered around the addicts impaired control:?? The excessive frequency of drug use in spite of attempts to controlIncreased time using or recovering from drug effectsContinued use in spite of persistent problemsA narrowing of focus on rewards linked to addictionAn inability to take steps to address the problems The Inability to Abstain Research has shown that prolonged drug use causes a chemical change in the brain of the addict that alters the brains reward system that prompts compulsive drug seeking in the face of growing negative consequences.?? This state of addiction, when the activity continues in spite of negative consequences and despite the fact it is no longer rewarding, is termed by addiction experts the pathological pursuit of rewards.?? It is the result of chemical changes in the reward circuitry of the brain. How Addiction Gets Started The reason that people engage in activity that can become addictive in the first place is either to achieve a feeling of euphoria or to relieve an emotional state of dysphoriaâ€"discomfort, dissatisfaction, anxiety, or restlessness.?? When people drink, take drugs, or participate in other reward-seeking behavior (such as gambling, eating, or having sex) they experience a high that gives them the reward or relief they are seeking. A high is the result of increased dopamine and opioid peptide activity in the brains reward circuits.?? But after the high they experience, there is a neurochemical rebound which causes the reward function of the brain to drop below the original normal level. When the activity is repeated, the same level of euphoria or relief is not achieved. Simply put, the person never really gets as high as they did that first time. Is Stress a Factor of Your Addiction? Lower Highs and Lower Lows Added to the fact that the addicted person  develops a tolerance to the highâ€"requiring more to try to achieve the same level of euphoriaâ€"is the fact that the person does not develop a tolerance to the emotional low they feel afterward.?? Rather than return to normal, the person reverts to a deeper state of dysphoria. When becoming addicted, the person increases  the amount of drugs, alcohol, or the frequency of the addictive behaviors in an effort to get back to that initial euphoric state. But the person ends up experiencing a deeper and deeper low as the brains reward circuitry reacts to the cycle of intoxication and withdrawal. When Reward-Seeking Becomes Pathological According to the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), this is the point at which the pursuit of rewards becomes pathological:Reward-seeking becomes compulsive or impulsiveThe behavior ceases to be pleasurableThe behavior no longer provides relief No Longer a Function of Choice To put it another way, the addicted person finds himself compelledâ€"despite his own intentions to stopâ€"to repeat behaviors that are no longer rewarding to try to escape an overwhelming feeling of being ill at ease but find no relief. According to ASAM, at this point addiction is no longer solely a function of choice.?? Consequently, the state of addiction is a miserable place to be, for the addict and for those around him. Chronic Disease and Relapses For many addicts, addiction can become a chronic illness, meaning that they can have relapses similar to relapses that can happen with other chronic diseasesâ€"such as diabetes, asthma,  and hypertensionâ€"when patients fail to comply with their treatment.?? These relapses can occur even after long periods of abstinence. The addict can take action to enter remission again. But he remains at risk of another relapse. The ASAM notes Without treatment or engagement in recovery activities, addiction is progressive and can result in disability or premature death.?? Why Addiction Is a Brain Disease and Not Just Bad Choices

What Moral Obligation Do The Laws Of One s Own Country

What moral obligation do I have to obey the law? Aside from wanting to avoid punishment for breaking the law, is there a reason why I should follow laws that are put in place? Agreement, gratitude, and fair play are the three main arguments that can be used for obeying the laws of one s own country. Though it’s more difficult to apply these certain arguments in relation to a foreigner just visiting a new country, they’re still relevant. Just because they are applicable, it doesn’t mean that there aren’t also arguments that can make them invalid. The understanding that a citizen owes a debt to the government for providing them with benefits is the main argument of gratitude. Gratitude is easier to argue when it comes to your own country because of the idea that as a citizen you feel obligated to the government for providing you with opportunities to have a good life. I feel indebted to my government; therefore, I’ll obey the laws. Socrates, for instance, relies on the argument of gratitude as one of his reasoning’s why he won’t disobey the law even if he was wrongly accused of a crime he didn’t commit. He states, â€Å"Did we not give you life in the first place? Was it not through us that your father and married your mother and begot you? Tell us, have you any complaint against†¦ laws which deal with children’s upbringing and education such as you yourself had? Are you grateful to those of laws which were institutes or his end requiring your father to give you a cultural andShow More RelatedApplying the D.E.C.I.D.E Model of Decision Making1339 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper explores the legal, ethical and moral issues of three healthcare colleagues by applying the D-E-C-I-D-E model as a foundation of decision making as found in Thompson, Melia, and Boyd (2006). 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Skills Required for Effective Time Management Essay

Time management is a key essential that ensures any working environment runs efficiently and smoothly, without it there is no structure to your working day. If time management can be mastered then your workload can be achieved successfully. In this essay I will examine a number of the skills required for effective time management. Planning is of the utmost importance in time management, without it we don?t have a clear vision of what needs to be achieved and within what time frame. It is therefore vital that this is the first step, and in order to ensure you cover all areas that require your attention. Planning Planning your day or week can be daunting to many people. Some managers are born to it and some will struggle. To†¦show more content†¦Assertiveness can sometimes lead to aggression if not controlled, therefore practise is required to prevent this. 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Kinesiology Free Essays

The movement that the paper shall discuss is the ‘hammer throw’ â€Å"The modern or Olympic hammer throw is an athletic throwing event where the object to be thrown is a heavy steel ball attached with wire (maximum 4 ft (1.22 m) to a handle.† (Farlex Inc. We will write a custom essay sample on Kinesiology or any similar topic only for you Order Now , 2007, p.1) The objective of the feat is throwing the steel ball at the farthest distance. â€Å"The two most important factors for a far throw are the angle of release and the speed of the ball.† (Farlex Inc., 2007, p.1) For an athlete, it is important for them to be aware of every muscle movement that happens during the process of hammer throw. These phases are important for a smooth transition of muscles from one stage to another to execute a correct and efficient movement. The next part will highlight the five phases involved in hammer throw. In particular, the following phases will determine the relevant muscles involved in the process. The first phase involves the stance phase. There is minimal amount of movement in this phase that is why muscles remain at status quo. â€Å"Due to the minimal amount of movement in this phase, the majority muscle position maintenance throughout the body should be accomplished through isometric contraction.† (www.mhhe.com/floyd16e, p.196) The next phase involves the preparatory phase. In hammer throw, â€Å"concentric contractions occur in their anatagonist muscles in this phase.† (www.mhhe.com/floyd16e, p.196) The joints involved are the shoulder and elbow in which their actions represent a horizontal hyperextension and extension respectively. In addition, the agonists muscles involve in the process are posterior deltoids and latissiumus dorsi and triceps brachii (shoulder and elbow) The third phase talks about the movement phase. â€Å"It is the phase in which the summation of force is generated directly to the ball, sport, object, or opponent, and is usually characterized by near-maximal concentric activity in the involved muscles.† (www.mhhe.com/floyd16e, p.197) With hammer throw, this is the process wherein the person starts rotating the body which is called ‘turns’. â€Å"You must try to utilize inertial forces of the hammer in the single by riding the ball and being passive with the ascending hammer, while avoiding activity with the pelvis and legs.† (Larry, 2000, p. 1) In addition, â€Å"After running through the high point of the hammer, you must complete the turn on the ball of the left foot by actively driving back to double support as soon as possible.† (Larry, 2000, p.1) The next phase involves the follow-through phase. â€Å"In this phase, often referred to as the deceleration phase, the velocity of the body segment progressively decreases, usually over a wide range of motion.† In the process of hammer throw, the joints involved are the shoulder and elbow. The actions involved are a horizontal flexion and flexion for the shoulder and elbow respectively. The agonist muscles involved in the process are (1) anterior deltoids and Pectoralis major for the shoulder and (2) biceps brachii for the elbow. The last phase is the recovery phase. â€Å"The recovery phase is used after follow through to regain balance and positioning to be ready for the next sport demand.† (www.mhhe†¦, p.197) For hammer throw, the individual after the follow through stage slowly goes back to status quo as both muscles in the elbow, shoulder, hips, and legs relax to prepare for the next throw. In the process of hammer throw, an individual might sustain an injury due to lack of stretching or failure to follow the proper process in hammer throw. Injuries related to hammer throwing include (1) strains, (2) cramps, (3) calf muscle injuries, (4) sprains and (5) elbow and shoulder muscle related injuries. Thus, it is very important for a hammer thrower to constantly warm up for the sport and at the same time follows effectively every step mentioned by the coach for injuries to be prevented. References Brainmac. Movement Analysis in Sports Coach. Retrieved October 21, 2007 from http://www.brianmac.co.uk/moveanal.htm Farlex Inc. (2007) Hammer Throw in The Free Dictionary. Retrieved October 21, 2007 from http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Hammer+throwing Judge, L. (2000) A Technique Analysis of the Hammer Throw for Men Women. Retrieved Kinesiology. Retrieved October 21, 2007 from http://www.mhhe.com/floyd16e How to cite Kinesiology, Essay examples Kinesiology Free Essays Al Reyes married and has a step child and I child of his own has done a lot in his lifetime. His jobs vary from working in a cubicle in his early year to coaching high school sports teams to now teaching and coaching the water polo team at Santa Ana College. His life stories have had a vastly large impact on me, he made me realize that life is not always about money, although with it life would be a lot easier, but all you really need is people and things you love and your set. We will write a custom essay sample on Kinesiology or any similar topic only for you Order Now What I really enjoyed bout having him in the class was that he made you listen but not in the way an average teacher would he made you intrigued in whatever it was he was talking about. Although I don’t want to become a teacher later in life he made me rethink this. Response to Brian: I agree with Brian I have put a lot of thought into becoming a teacher/coach but never knew what to teach/coach and who for. Mr. Reyes has shed some light and has really been making me think hard, asking myself if teaching is actually what I want to do with my life. Have little money but be content with what I’m doing, impacting kids lives in such a way that they don’t even know, it sounds just about equally awarding to me. My high School basketball coach/Spanish teacher has changed my life in so many ways, from being captain of her basketball teaching me the importance of teamwork, dedication and hard work can take you a long way to my teacher making me work hard. She was also very close to me I considered her more as a friend in ways she was always looking out for me, driving me to go to college, finding me a place to live. If I change someones life the way she has changed mine I know life will be amazing. How to cite Kinesiology, Essay examples

Only Drunks and Children Tell the Truth Essay free essay sample

Nurture vs. Nature â€Å"It is not flesh and blood but the heart which makes us fathers and sons† – Johan Schiller. When we are born into a family, we inherit a blood relationship that ties us to our relatives but there is something else that creates a real family. Though blood is what initially unites a child to their ancestors, it is the people who raise, love and care for us as children that become our true family. In Only Drunks and Children Tell the Truth, Janice was born into a native family but at only a year old, she was torn away from it and raised by white parents whom she began to consider her mother and father. In the story, she explains the impact of her adoption in the following quote: â€Å"Janice: ‘I was born here but don’t feel at home here [†¦] She’s family and I’m not because the Children’s Aid Society took me away’† (Drew Hayden Taylor, 90). We will write a custom essay sample on Only Drunks and Children Tell the Truth Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She also speaks of how hard it was to adapt once she learned the truth: â€Å"Janice: ‘I wanted to belong here so bad. [†¦] But from the moment I arrived, I knew I didn’t belong’† (Drew Hayden Taylor, 99). Although Janice was given birth to by a loving and caring mother who would have raised her wonderfully, she was taken away before she was old enough to form a bond with her. On the other hand, her adoptive parents raised her to be a good person and she grew to love them as her family. As the above quotes depict, 35 years later, learning the truth of her biological family for the first time, Barb expects Janice to put all of her trust in them because they are related by blood. I agree with Janice who believes that even if Barb is her defined version of family, it’s difficult to jump into a sister relationship when they hardly know one another. It takes a lot more than a mere technicality to call someone your sister. This situation can be related to a story belonging to one of my friends. When she was born, her father abandoned her and her mother. At an extremely young age, she was supplied with a stepfather who helped raise her and is now considered by her as a real dad. Recently, the biological father tried to reach out to this friend of mine but she doesn’t consider him family because they share nothing besides blood. Without his love and care growing up, he is not much more to her than a stranger. He wasn’t there to read her bedtime stories, see her graduate from middle  school, or hear her talk about her first boyfriend. Any sort of bonding tradition, like her family’s annual barbeque, wasn’t shared with this man. In her eyes, and I share the same opinion, the two of them cannot simply jump into a father-daughter relationship that didn’t exist her entire life. Growing up at a far distance from your real family can make it tough to share a bond, but it can be just as difficult when you are living in the same community. Another character affected in the play Only Drunks and Children Tell the Truth is Tonto. After his mother passes away from alcohol abuse, he doesn’t have parents to be cared for by because his father often works in the city for long periods of time. Another family, on the same reserve as the one where he was born, therefore adopted Tonto. He still got the chance to see his dad every so often but other parents raised him. When his new parents gave birth to another son, he considered the resulting baby, Rodney, his brother. Tonto is proud to speak of his parentage: â€Å"Tonto: ‘I was placed with the Stones at the age of five and bang, here I am twenty-seven years later, a fine human being’† (Drew Hayden Taylor, 56-57). He also speaks of his real father: â€Å"Tonto: ‘The truth is, we’re kinda related. Both being raised by other people.’ Janice: ‘And you go to see your Father.’ Tonto: ‘Oh yeah, every month or so’† (Drew Hayden Taylor, 57). As said in the quote, Tonto was raised such a short distance from his father but, growing up in a home with other caretakers, he still didn’t see much of his dad. The adoptive parents were very good to Tonto and the birth of another son, Rodney, made the four people become a family. They didn’t all share biological genes but their bond was nonreversible. An example of this indestructible connection is how Tonto accompanies his brother on a long car ride to break into an apartment. Tonto doesn’t owe anything to Barb or Janice but he wants to help his brother. A separate text that I could relate this to is the Harry Potter series. The young boy named Harry, after the murder of his parents, grew up in a home of blood relatives who did not nurture him. This made him feel no connection to his aunt, uncle or cousin. When he learns his true identity as a wizard and enters the magical world however, he meets people who continue to raise him until he is a man. Ron, Hermione, other caring friends, and the school Hogwarts itself all turn out  to be his real family. â€Å"He wanted to be stopped, to be dragged back, to be sent back home†¦ But he was home. Hogwarts was the first and best home he had known† (JK Rowling, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, 558). To conclude this essay, I would like to sum up the fact that family is a complex word to define. Conversely, it’s simple to me that genes can only hold together a group of people for so long until love and nurture are what really begin to count.